Nasal Polyps: Noncancerous growths inside the nasal passages
What are nasal polyps?
Nasal polyps are soft, noncancerous growths that form inside the nasal passages or sinuses. They can be single or multiple, and they can range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Nasal polyps are most common in adults, but they can also occur in children.
What causes nasal polyps?
The exact cause of nasal polyps is unknown, but they are thought to be caused by inflammation of the lining of the nose and sinuses. This inflammation can be triggered by a variety of factors, including:
- Allergies
- Asthma
- Cystic fibrosis
- Chronic sinusitis
- Immune system disorders, such as Churg-Strauss syndrome and allergic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis)
- Certain medications, such as aspirin and ibuprofen
- Pregnancy
- Exposure to secondhand smoke
- Air pollution
What are the symptoms of nasal polyps?
The symptoms of nasal polyps can vary depending on the size and number of polyps. Some people may have no symptoms at all, while others may experience a variety of problems, including:
- Nasal congestion
- Runny nose
- Postnasal drip
- Loss of smell
- Reduced sense of taste
- Facial pain or pressure
- Headaches
- Snoring
- Sleep apnea
How are nasal polyps diagnosed?
Nasal polyps are usually diagnosed during a physical examination of the nose and sinuses. The doctor may use a small, lighted instrument called a nasal speculum to look inside the nasal passages. They may also order a CT scan or MRI to get a better view of the sinuses.
How are nasal polyps treated?
Treatment for nasal polyps depends on the severity of the symptoms. In some cases, nasal polyps may go away on their own without treatment. However, if the symptoms are severe or if the polyps are large, treatment may be necessary.
Treatment options for nasal polyps include:
- Medications: Nasal corticosteroids, such as fluticasone and budesonide, can help to reduce inflammation and shrink nasal polyps. Oral corticosteroids, such as prednisone, may also be used in severe cases.
- Saline irrigation: Flushing the nose with saline solution can help to remove mucus and allergens, and it can also help to reduce inflammation.
- Allergy immunotherapy: Allergy shots or drops can help to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms in people with allergies.
- Surgery: Surgery is usually only recommended for people with severe symptoms that do not respond to other treatments. Surgery to remove nasal polyps is called endoscopic sinus surgery.
How to prevent nasal polyps?
There is no way to completely prevent nasal polyps, but there are some things you can do to reduce your risk, such as:
- Controlling allergies and asthma
- Avoiding secondhand smoke and air pollution
- Treating chronic sinusitis
- Washing your hands frequently to avoid getting sick
If you have nasal polyps, it is important to see a doctor for regular checkups and treatment. Early treatment can help to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.
Here are some additional tips for managing nasal polyps:
- Use a humidifier in your home to add moisture to the air. This can help to loosen mucus and make it easier to breathe.
- Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. This can also help to thin mucus and make it easier to clear.
- Avoid blowing your nose too hard. This can irritate the lining of the nose and make nasal polyps worse.
- Use a nasal saline spray to flush your nose and remove mucus.
- Avoid using over-the-counter nasal decongestants for more than a few days. These medications can dry out the lining of the nose and make nasal polyps worse.
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